How Long Does It Take to Get Citizenship by Marriage in Portugal?

Navigating the path to Portuguese citizenship through marriage can be complex, and understanding the timeline is crucial for those considering this route. Here’s a comprehensive look at the process, including the key factors that can affect the duration.

1. The Basic Timeline

The standard process for acquiring Portuguese citizenship through marriage typically takes between 18 months to 2 years. This timeframe starts from the moment you submit your application to the final decision being made.

2. Initial Requirements

Before applying, ensure you meet the following basic requirements:

• Marriage Duration: You must be married to a Portuguese citizen for at least three years.
• Residency: You need to have lived in Portugal for a significant period. While the law specifies that spouses of Portuguese citizens can apply after one year of legal residence, practical timelines may vary.

3. The Application Process

The application process involves several key steps:

• Preparation: Gather all necessary documents, including marriage certificates, proof of residence, and identification.
• Submission: Submit your application to the Portuguese Immigration and Borders Service (SEF).
• Processing Time: The processing time can vary. On average, it takes about 12 to 18 months for the SEF to process the application, but delays are possible.

4. Factors Influencing the Timeline

Several factors can influence how long it takes to obtain citizenship:

• Document Verification: The time it takes to verify your documents can vary based on the completeness and accuracy of your submission.
• Background Checks: Criminal background checks and other verifications can add additional time to the process.
• SEF Workload: The current workload and efficiency of the SEF can impact the processing time.

5. Post-Application Steps

After submitting your application:

• Attend Interviews: You might be required to attend an interview as part of the application process.
• Wait for Approval: After the SEF processes your application, you will receive a decision. If approved, you’ll receive your citizenship.

6. Common Pitfalls and Delays

Be aware of common pitfalls that can delay the process:

• Incomplete Applications: Missing documents or incorrect information can lead to delays.
• Legal Issues: Any legal issues or discrepancies in your background can prolong the process.

7. Conclusion

While the process can be lengthy, careful preparation and understanding the timeline can help manage expectations and streamline the journey to Portuguese citizenship through marriage. For those committed to this path, patience and thoroughness are key.